Her Ritts

Herbert "Herb" Ritts (August 13, 1952 – December 26, 2002) was an American fashion photographer who concentrated on black-and-white photography and portraits in the style of classical Greek sculpture. Consequently some of his more famous pieces are of male and female nudes in what can be called glamour photography.


During the 1980s and 1990s, Ritts photographed notables such as, Christopher Reeve, Michael Jordan, Dalai Lama, Mihail Gorbachev, Francesco Clemente,George Clooney, Cher, Mel Gibson, Elizabeth Taylor, Brad Pitt, Ronald Reagan, Julia Roberts, Steven Hawking, Nicole Kidman, Edward Norton, Tom Cruise,Madonna, Michelle Pfeiffer, Dizzy Gillespie, Elton John, Annette Benning, Antonio Banderas, Richard Gere, Jack Nicholson, Cindy Crawford, and many others


He took many fashion and nude photos of supermodel Cindy Crawford 


He also worked for the magazines, Interview, Esquire, Glamour, GQ, Newsweek, Harper's Bazaar, Rolling Stone, Time, Vogue, Allure, Vanity Fair, Details, andElle

Yousof Karsh

one of the most famous and accomplished portrait photographers of all time.
He grew up during theArmenian Genocide
Karsh was a master of studio lights. One of Karsh's distinctive practices was lighting the subject's hands separately. He photographed many of the great and celebrated personalities of his generation. Throughout most of his career he used the 8×10 bellows Calumet (1997.0319) camera, made circa 1940 in Chicago.
Karsh had a gift for capturing the essence of his subject in the instant of his portrait. As Karsh wrote of his own work in Karsh Portfolio in 1967, "Within every man and woman a secret is hidden, and as a photographer it is my task to reveal it if I can. The revelation, if it comes at all, will come in a small fraction of a second with an unconscious gesture, a gleam of the eye, a brief lifting of the mask that all humans wear to conceal their innermost selves from the world. In that fleeting interval of opportunity the photographer must act or lose his prize."

portraits

A portrait is a painting, photograph, sculpture, or other artistic representation of a person, in which the face and its expression is predominant.
A portrait often shows a person looking directly at the painter or photographer, in order to most successfully engage the subject with the viewer.

Yousuf Karsh (1908-2002)

Yousuf Karsh is considered one of the most famous portrait photographers of all time. The Canadian photographer of Armenian descent is best known for his portrait work of dignitaries, politicians and celebrities. Some of his most famous subjects include:

• Muhammad Ali
• Humphrey Bogart
• Fidel Castro
• Albert Einstein
• Dwight Eisenhower
• Robert Frost
• Clark Gable
• Ernest Hemingway
• Audrey Hepburn
• Pope John Paul II
• Helen Keller
• Grace Kelly
• Jacqueline Kennedy
• John F. Kennedy
• Laurence Olivier

Diane Arbus (1923-1971)

Documenting society's rejects was a passion of American photographer Diane Arbus. She is best known for her portraits of individuals, who lived on the fringes of society, including dwarfs, giants, prostitutes and transvestites. Arbus also won accolades for capturing ordinary people in extraordinary poses and settings. To this day, historians credit Arbus for pushing the boundaries of "tasteful" portrait photography.

Elsa Dorfman

American portrait photographer Elsa Dorfman possesses a skill invaluable to her profession-she can connect with a subject in record time. Dorfman stands out in the world of portrait photography because she uses a 20 by 24-inch Polaroid camera, rather than a sophisticated digital device. Film costs about $50 per exposure, so she limits herself to two exposures per subject. This means that Dorfman must work twice as hard to capture the essence of a subject's expression. Dorfman's artistic success as a portrait photographer has been displayed in major museums around the world.

Portrait Lighting for photography

The three pictures above and beside this, illustrate a couple of interesting details…  First, take a look and see how the length of the nose shadow is shortened as the light source seems to wrap around the subject as it gets closer.  Yes, I had to adjust the light intensity for this illustration, because as the light got closer, it also became brighter.
Second…  Notice how the background appears to be darker as the light got to be closer.  The reason for this all explained in the “Inverse Square Law”.  As the light got closer it became proportionately farther away from the background.

Vocab

Kalliprint

Kallitype printing follows similar procedures and uses many of the same chemicals as Platinum and Palladium Printing. Kallitype is a great process for students and beginners who want to practice their handcoating and printing techniques before moving up to Platinum or Palladium printing. Contains: 25 ml - Silver Nitrate 10% Solution 25 ml - Ferric Oxalate 20% Solution 25 ml - Ammonium Dichromate contrast booster 250 g - EDTA Clearing Agent 250 g - Sodium Thiosulfate fixer 1 Quart - Black tone developer Droppers For Bottles Instructions Van Dyke Photography What I am going to talk about right now is this tool, this machine that is used to make Polaroid transfers. Now, Polaroid transfer is technically an image that you take and you put onto this Polaroid film. You can actually use Fuji film. Fuji film makes a nice instant pack film now too. You can use either or. They are both just as good as each other. Kind of expensive though. This film roughly costs about $25 a box for 20 sheets. So this process is not one of the cheaper processes. But definitely one of the most fun processes you could possibly do. The idea behind this process and this machine is that essentially you can have a flat color image. You could even have a color digital image that if you make a print out you could put flat on this piece of glass right here. You close this down and in here is where your film goes. This film is very fragile. There is no film in here right now but if there was the pack goes right in like this. Close it, shut it Cyanotype Cyanotype is a photographic printing process that gives a cyan-blue print. The process was popular in engineering circles well into the 20th century. The simple and low-cost process enabled them to produce large-scale copies of their work, referred to as blueprints. Two chemicals are used in the process: Ammonium iron(III) citrate Potassium ferricyanide Pinhole Camera A pinhole camera is a simple camera without a lens and with a single small aperture — effectively a light-proof box with a small hole in one side. Light from a scene passes through this single point and projects an inverted image on the opposite side of the box. The human eye in bright light acts similarly, as do cameras using small apertures. Up to a certain point, the smaller the hole, the sharper the image, but the dimmer the projected image. Optimally, the size of the aperture should be 1/100 or less of the distance between it and the projected image. A pinhole camera's shutter is usually manually operated because of the lengthy exposure times, and consists of a flap of some light-proof material to cover and uncover the pinhole. Typical exposures range from 5 seconds to hours and sometimes days. A common use of the pinhole camera is to capture the movement of the sun over a long period of time. This type of photography is called Solargraphy. The image may be projected onto a translucent screen for real-time viewing (popular for observing solar eclipses; see also camera obscura), or can expose film or a charge coupled device (CCD). Pinhole cameras with CCDs are often used for surveillance because they are difficult to detect. Camera Obscura The camera obscura (Latin; "camera" is a "vaulted chamber/room" + "obscura" means "dark"= "darkened chamber/room") is an optical device that projects an image of its surroundings on a screen. It is used in drawing and for entertainment, and was one of the inventions that led to photography. The device consists of a box or room with a hole in one side. Light from an external scene passes through the hole and strikes a surface inside where it is reproduced, upside-down, but with colour and perspective preserved. The image can be projected onto paper, and can then be traced to produce a highly accurate representation. Using mirrors, as in the 18th century overhead version (illustrated in the Discovery and Originssection below), it is possible to project a right-side-up image. Another more portable type is a box with an angled mirror projecting onto tracing paper placed on the glass top, the image being upright as viewed from the back. As a pinhole is made smaller, the image gets sharper, but the projected image becomes dimmer. With too small a pinhole the sharpness again becomes worse due to diffraction. Some practical camera obscuras use a lens rather than a pinhole because it allows a larger aperture, giving a usable brightness while maintaining focus. (See pinhole camera for construction information.) Sandy Skoglund Sandy Skoglund (born September 11, 1946) is an American photographer and installation artist.Skoglund creates surrealist images by building elaborate sets or tableaux, furnishing them with carefully selected small children and other objects, a process of which takes her months to complete. Finally, she photographs the set, complete with actors. The works are characterized by an overwhelming amount of one object and either bright, contrasting colors or a monochromatic color scheme.Skoglund studied both art history and studio art at Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts, graduating in 1968. In 1967, she studied art history at the Sorbonne and École du Louvre in Paris,France. After graduating from Smith College, she went to graduate school at the University of Iowa in 1969, where she studied filmmaking, multimedia art, and printmaking. In 1971, she earned her Master of Arts and in 1972 a Master of Fine Arts in painting.In 1972, Skoglund began working as a conceptual artist in New York. She became interested in teaching herself photography to document her artistic endeavors, experimenting with themes of repetition. In 1978, she had produced a series of repetitious food item still life images.One of her most-known sculptures, entitled Radioactive Cats, features green-painted clay cats running amok in a gray kitchen. An older man sits in a chair with his back facing the camera while his elderly wife looks into a refrigerator that is the same color as the walls. Another image, Fox Games has a similar feel to Radioactive Cats and is also widely recognized. A third and final oft-recognized piece by her features numerous fish hovering above people in bed late at night and is called Revenge of the Goldfish. The piece was used as cover art for the Inspiral Carpets album of the same name.Skoglund was an art professor at the University of Hartford between 1973 and 1976. She is currently teaching photography and art installation/multimedia at Rutgers University in New Jersey.Skoglund has recently completed a series titled "True Fiction Two". This recent project is similar to the "True Fiction" series that she began in 1986. This series was not completed due to the discontinuation of materials that Skoglund was using. Kodak canceled the production of the dye that Skoglund was using for her prints. Each image in "True Fiction Two" has been meticulously crafted to assimilate the visual and photographic possibilities now available in digital processes.Her works are held in numerous museum collections including the Museum of Contemporary Photography, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art and Dayton Art Institute.  William Wegman (b. 1943 in Holyoke, Massachusetts) is an artist best known for creating series of compositions involving dogs, primarily his own Weimaraners in various costumes and poses.

test

1. The primary purpose of photojournalism, as so-called "non- fiction photography" is..

to get the REAL story

2. While the majority of photojournalism work for newspapers, name two other media-related careers regular employing photojournalism..... 

independent freelancer or paparazzi3. While most cameras have glass lenses, you can take a photo with a pinhole camera. Why does it work? 

a light-proof box with a small hole, light passes thru the hole and projects an image

4. If physics dictates that an image formed on a film from a camera lens or pinhole is upside-down, why do we see the view right-side up in most camera viewfinders? 

it is upside down in the camera but the reflected light makes our brain see it up right

5. How is refraction of light different from reflection of light?

reflection- objects can be seen by the light they emit  rrefraction- the ratio of speed in vacuum to the speed of light in the medium

6. The focal length of a lens is measured in millimeters from the focal plane, that is, the film, to the center of the lens. (A zoom lens is variable focal length.) Of the choices below, which is considered a “long,” or “telephoto” lens, and which is considered a “short,” or “wide-angle” lens, assuming you’re using a standard 35mm film camera or high-end digital equivalent?

28 mm-wide
50 mm-normal
135 mm-short

7. Which focal length would a photojournalist likely choose to produce a blurred background, that is, shorter depth of field?

135 mm lens

8. What is depth of field?

how far the lens can focus

9. Which focal length, a telephoto or wide angle, would give you the greatest feeling of depth?

wide angle- deep depth of field

10. If you wish to increase depth of field, you could change to a shorter, or wide-angle lens. What’s another way?

back away from shot

11. How are f-stops and shutter speeds related?

f-stops and shutter speeds work together. f-stops are the hole in the lens that let light in, the shutter speeds are how long the light is let in

12. We speak of lens aperture: what is that?

lens aperature is a hole through which light travels

13. Let’s say my light meter showed proper exposure of a scene to be f/2.8 at 1/125 of a second. However, I hope to increase the depth of field. Name a possible f/stop-shutter speed combination that would do that.

the larger the f-stop and the larger depth of field requires more light or a longer shutter speed

14. What would be a drawback of that change?

more light may make the photo hard to see

15. My meter shows a combination of f/5.6 at 1/60 of a second. However, I’m at a basketball game and need to stop action. What combination might a choose allowing me to do that?

16. Which ISO setting would work best taking available light photos in a dim auditorium? ISO 100, 400 or 1000?

1000

17. What is a disadvantage of using the setting you chose above?

too much light distorts the image

18. What is meant by “quality” of light?

how the lighting enhances the quality of the image

19. Why is flash-on-camera considered a poor choice for lighting in most situations?

similar to strobe light.  flashing on and off can effect the image

20. If someone asks for high-key lighting, what does he expect to see?

reduction of light ratio in the image

21. If you chose strong side lighting to illuminate a scene, what would you most likely want to emphasize?

the focal point

22. You’re shooting in a living room lit by fluorescent light, using color film/digital setting balanced to daylight. How will this affect your photos?

they will turn out much lighter

23. In photo composition, what is the “Rule of Thirds?”

dividing your image into nine parts the compositional elements should be placed along these lines or intersections

24. Photojournalists sometimes talk about the “poster effect” necessary in their photography. What do they mean? to turn your image into a large poster?

25. Generally you want tight cropping in photojournalism, but name two possible disadvantages of that. 1. you have less to work with 2. your image is smaller

26. You’ve scanned a picture, but it seems not as sharp as it might be in Photoshop. What can you do? the sharpen tool

27. Your photo of your home office comes up with a orangish cast in Photoshop. What can you do?  color editing

28. What is rhythm and repetition, and why is it a goal in photography?

visual patterns.  this catches peoples eye

29. In what situation might you choose to use electronic flash as a “fill-in flash?”

if a photo is too dark and you need to brighten the dark shadows

30. Photo stories usually revolve around a “news peg.” What does this mean?

a newsworthy event.  something culturally known

31. Considering a sunny summer day, what will probably be your worst choice for lighting: morning, noon, or late afternoon?

late afternoon

32. The CMYK system relates to what?

color system- Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black.  can produce all colors.  used to enhance colors in your image

33. Name two ways you can reduce harsh shadows from a direct electronic flash on camera.

fill in flash

34. When we talk about getting “detail” into a shadow area, what do we mean?

35. What is the difference between high key and low key?

high key is brighter and upbeat.  low key is dark and relaxed
36. In Photoshop, the Curves adjustment panel is used for what? to enhance the lighting in different sections of the image

Arthur Felig

Arthur Felig:
Pseudonym Weegee
known for his stark black and white street photography
his work depicted unflinchingly realistic scenes of urban life, crime, injury and death.
He was influential in the development of mug shots.

Henri Cartier-Bresson

Henri Cartier-Bresson (August 22, 1908 – August 3, 2004) was a French photographer considered to be the father of modern photojournalism. He was an early adopter of 35 mm format, and the master of candid photography. He helped develop the "street photography" or "real life reportage" style that has influenced generations of photographers who followed.

Robert Capa

Hungarian combat photographer covered five different wars: the Spanish Civil War, the Second Sino-Japanese War, World War II
His action photographs, such as those taken during the 1944 Normandy invasion, portray the violence of war with unique impact
 Capa co-founded Magnum Photos
The organization was the first cooperativeagency for worldwide freelance photographers.

Daguerre

Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre

Daguerre was born in Cormeilles-en-Parisis, Val-d'Oise, France. He apprenticed in architecture, theater design, and panoramic painting. Exceedingly adept at his skill for theatrical illusion, he became a celebrated designer for the theater and later came to invent the Diorama, which opened in Paris in July 1822.
Louis Daguerre regularly used a camera obscura as an aid to painting in perspective, and this led him think about ways to keep the image still. In 1826, he discovered the work of Joseph Niepce, and in 1829 began a partnership with him.
http://inventors.about.com/od/dstartinventions/a/Daguerreotype.htm 8/26/10

Talbot

William Henry Fox Talbot

William Henry Fox Talbot was a British inventor, born on February 11, 1800 and died on September 17, 1877. He was the inventor of calotype process, the precursor to most photographic processes of the 19th and 20th centuries. He was also a noted photographer who made major contributions to the development of photography as an artistic medium. His work in the 1840s on photo-mechanical reproduction led to the creation of the photoglyphic engraving process, the precursor to photogravure. Talbot is also remembered as the holder of a patent which, some say, affected the early development of commercial photography in Britain. Additionally, he made some important early photographs of Oxford, Paris, and York.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Fox_Talbot 8/30/10

Bayard

Hippolyte Bayard

Hippolyte Bayard (20 January 1807 – 14 May 1887) was one of the earliest photographers in the history of photography, inventing his own photography process known as direct positive printing and presenting the world's first public exhibition of photographs on 24 June 1839.
he direct positive process involved exposing silver chloride paper to light, which turned the paper completely black. It was then soaked in potassium iodide before being exposed in a camera. After the exposure, it was washed in a bath of hyposulfite of soda and dried. The resulting image was a unique photograph that could not be reproduced. Due to the paper's poor light sensitivity, an exposure of approximately twelve minutes was required. Using this method of photography, still subject matter, such as buildings, were favored. When used for photographing people, sitters were told to close their eyes so as to eliminate the eerie, "dead" quality produced due to blinking and moving one's eyes during such a long exposure.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippolyte_Bayard 9/1/10

Nadar

Nadar

Félix Nadar was the pseudonym of Gaspard-Félix Tournachon (6 April 1820 – 21 March 1910), a French photographer, caricaturist, journalist, novelist and balloonist. Some photographs by Nadar are marked "P. Nadar" for "Photographie Nadar"
Around 1863, Nadar built a huge (6000 m³) balloon named Le Géant ("The Giant"), thereby inspiring Jules Verne's Five Weeks in a Balloon. The "Géant" project was unsuccessful and convinced him that the future belonged toheavier-than-air machines. Afterwards "The Society for the Encouragement of Aerial Locomotion by Means of Heavier than Air Machines" was established, with Nadar as president and Verne as secretary. Nadar was also the inspiration for the character of Michael Ardan in Verne's From the Earth to the Moon.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadar_(artist) 9/3/10

Alternative Developing

Cyanotype-The cyanotype, also known as a blueprint, is considered among the easiest of all the historical methods. Dating from 1842, this classic Prussian blue process is a great place for both beginners and accomplished artists alike to explore. Cyanotypes are economical, permanent, have few pitfalls, and are versatile in that a variety of toning effects are possible.

Potassium ferricyanide and Ammonium 

Anthotype Photography-A fun and easy way to make images using the juice from fruits, plants, flowers, and vegetables as both sensitizer and pigment! Practiced by Sir William Herschel beginning in the 1840’s, this method is very suited to photograms. Although anthotype prints are novel and unique, permanence of the image depends upon your choice of organic extract.
It's made by putting red wine on some paper, letting it dry then putting an negative or something (in this case a leaf) on top with glass to hold it down. Then leaving somewhere sunny for anything from 1 week to 5 weeks (I did about 10 days).
It can be done with all sorts of plant extracts e.g. spinach, nettles, poppies etc.Gum Tricolor-The cyanotype, also known as a blueprint, is considered among the easiest of all the historical methods. Dating from 1842, this classic Prussian blue process is a great place for both beginners and accomplished artists alike to explore. Cyanotypes are economical, permanent, have few pitfalls, and are versatile in that a variety of toning effects are possible.
Ammonium Dichromate,  Gum Arabic Powder,  Gelatin Sizing
Infrared-Working with reflected light in the long, infrared wave range can produce images of unexpected results with surreal visual effects. Infrared photographs have a spectacular glow and luminance, where highlights are usually diffused and contrast can be pronounced.
 with standard black-and-white film developers and chemicals (like D-76)
Mordancage-Also known as etch-bleach process, this rare and slightly esoteric process physically manipulates the silver gelatin print through acid bleaching, rubbing, and lifts. Images appear dreamlike, far removed from reality.

An acid copper bleaching solu- tion is used to bleach and dissolve away parts of the silver image

Joseph Nicephore Niepce (1765-1833)

noted as one of the inventors of photography
1825 1st photograph of the view from his window 

Henri Le Secq 1818- 1882

Henri Le Secq was a French painter and photographer

Henri Le Secq was born in 1818 in Paris and was a son of a politicianHis works during this Commission des Monuments Historiques are considered to be his finest works

He gave up photography after 1856

Le Secq was one of the five photographers selected to carry out a photographic survey of architecture (Commission des Monuments Historiques)

My Old Camera

I chose the Nikon Fun-Touch


It was originally manufactured in 1987



This camera is equipped with a Nikon 35 mm lens

The first thing that I noticed about the camera is a gold oval sticker on the top surface of the camera.  The sticker has printed on it in black ink : Passed, JCII, 81, C/D, JMDC

After further research, I found that JCII is stands for the Japan(Nippon) Camera and optical instruments Inspection and testing Institute.  So apparently it passed their test...